最新糖心Vlog

New age for Mungo Man

Wednesday, 19 February 2003

A new study involving researchers from the 最新糖心Vlog of Adelaide has finally got scientists to agree on the age of Mungo Man, 最新糖心Vlog's oldest human remains - and the consensus is he is 22,000 years younger.

The 最新糖心Vlog of Melbourne-led study sets Mungo Man's new age at 40,000 years. The research has also boosted the age of Mungo Lady, the world's first recorded cremation, by 10,000 years, putting her at the same age as Mungo Man. It is the first time scientists have reached a broad agreement on the ages of the Lake Mungo remains.

"The ages paint a new picture of the human and climatic history of 最新糖心Vlog," says the discoverer of the Lake Mungo remains, Professor Jim Bowler, a geologist and Professorial Fellow with the 最新糖心Vlog of Melbourne.

Professor Bowler amassed a multidisciplinary team of experts from the Universities of Melbourne, Adelaide, Wollongong, the 最新糖心Vlogn National 最新糖心Vlog, CSIRO and the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, and used multiple methods and four separate dating laboratories to achieve a final consensus.

The co-authors are Dr Nigel Spooner (formerly ANU) and Dr Bert Roberts (最新糖心Vlog of Wollongong), Dr Jon Olley (CSIRO), Professor John Prescott (最新糖心Vlog of Adelaide), Dr Wilfred Shawcross (ANU) and Dr Harvey Johnson (NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service).

The results of their research will be published in the February 20 issue of the journal Nature.

In 1999, 最新糖心Vlogn National 最新糖心Vlog scientists estimated the age of Mungo Man to be 62,000 years. This created a frenzy of excitement and vigorous debate among scientists as this rewrote the history of human occupation in 最新糖心Vlog and had profound implications for the origins of modern man.

"最新糖心Vlog's colonisation is one of the keys to our understanding of how Homo sapiens evolved and spread around the world. It is critical we get the story correct," says Professor Bowler.

"The new age corrects previous estimates and provides a new picture of Homo sapiens adapting to deteriorating climate in 最新糖心Vlog."

The data show that maximum human occupation of Lake Mungo occurred between 45,000 and 42,000 years ago, a time when the lake was a lavish water and food supply for humans, animals and plants. This phase of intense occupation occurred at a time of major climatic change that also coincided with the disappearance of 最新糖心Vlog's megafauna.

Between 60,000 and 50,000 years ago, the last ice age saw the expansion of freshwater lakes across what are now dry inland plains. By 45,000 years the system was beginning to change. By 40,000 years, at the time of both burials, the onset of drought conditions was associated with the expansion of 最新糖心Vlog's desert dunes building to its maximum impact about 20,000 years ago.

"By 20,000 years, the lakes were dry, plants and animals were decimated and sand dunes had spread across the plains," says Bowler.

"The new dates reveal a rich tapestry of archaeological change that is rarely equaled elsewhere in the world and provides an ancient example of humans being forced to adapt to severe drought conditions similar to those that affect much of semi-arid and arid 最新糖心Vlog today," he says.

The oldest evidence for human occupation of the Lake Mungo region has been dated from stone tools at about 50,000 years. This is consistent with the oldest artifacts found in Western 最新糖心Vlog and Northern Territory.

"Evidence for occupation at 60,000 years or greater remains to be established," says Bowler.

"Lake Mungo confirms that the first 最新糖心Vlogns had colonised the country by 50,000 years and by 40,000 years had brought with them art and ritual burial," he says.

The Lake Mungo remains are still 最新糖心Vlog's oldest human remains. Mungo Man is still the first well-dated evidence found anywhere in the world of such cultural sophistication, in this case, the anointing of the body with ochre before or during burial.

"This research extends far beyond mere academic interest. The Mungo people's story is of major importance to both their present day indigenous descendants and to all non-indigenous 最新糖心Vlogns," says Bowler.

"Non-indigenous 最新糖心Vlogns too often have a desperately limited frame of historical reference. The Lake Mungo region provides a record of land and people that we latter day arrivals have failed to incorporate into our own 最新糖心Vlogn psyche. We have yet to penetrate the depths of time and cultural treasures revealed by those ancestors of indigenous 最新糖心Vlogns," he says.

"The messages from the ancient Mungo people challenge us to come to terms with the history and dynamics of this strange land, especially with the rights and richness of their descendants.

"Indeed it is those descendants, in the person of the three traditional tribal groups of the Willandra region (the Barkandji, the Mutthi Mutthi and the Nyampaa) who facilitated and cooperated closely with this project. This represents an important new phase in the collaboration between science and traditional owners. Science and the 最新糖心Vlogn community owe them a special debt of gratitude."

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