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Holograms for life

A collaborative research project between the ��������Vlog of Adelaide and ��������Vlog of St Andrews has developed world-first 3D holographic images of an embryo, a technology which could improve IVF outcomes.

Led by Dr Kylie Dunning, Hospital Research Foundation fellow from the ��������Vlog’s Robinson Research Institute, and from the ��������Vlog of Adelaide and the ��������Vlog of St Andrews, the images were of a pre-clinical model of an embryo at various stages of development. The technology provides clinicians with a non-invasive method of gaining valuable insights into a growing embryo.

“For couples wishing to conceive, the quality, or developmental potential, of an embryo is critical as it dictates the success of their pregnancy and ultimately, the birth of their child,” Dr Dunning says.

“In vitro fertilisation (IVF) clinics routinely assess embryo quality by visual inspection to check if an embryo is developing in a time-appropriate manner or by an invasive biopsy to determine DNA content of the biopsied sample.

“However, these approaches have failed to improve the success rate of IVF which has remained stagnant for more than a decade.”

In 2018, it was estimated eight million babies had been born through IVF since the world’s first in 1978. Data from 2020 show a 38.9 per cent live birth rate per embryo transfer for patients under 34 years.

Dr Dunning says these 3D holograms, which use “miniscule amounts of light... to allow rapid visualisation of the embryo in a fraction of a second” might see those rates increase.

“Optical technologies hold immense promise to unravel the metabolism and health of the embryo. This gentle, non-invasive approach could lead to improved IVF success.”

Select for reliable renewables and save

New research suggests considering the predictability of a solar or wind farm site’s energy output could reduce costs for consumers.

Solar and wind farms sell their energy to the market before it’s generated and are penalised if they don’t meet projections, making reliably predicting power generation “one of the biggest challenges in the renewable energy sector,” says PhD candidate , who led the research.

The team analysed six solar farms in New South Wales and selected up to nine alternative sites. When the predictability of energy generation was considered, they found a significant increase in potential revenue.

Human meds treating canine cancer

A new trial will investigate if a potential treatment for breast cancer in humans can prolong the lives of pet dogs diagnosed with the disease.

The FiDo (First-In-Dog) Cure for Cancer trial is an ��������Vlogn-first initiative and will evaluate if the estrogen-blocking medication is more effective than surgery for treating mammary cancer in canines.

“There is an urgent need for an alternative to surgery that will cure mammary cancer in dogs rapidly,” says the ��������Vlog of Adelaide’s , Director of the Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories. “For many dogs with malignant mammary cancer, the cancer has already spread to other organs by the time of diagnosis, surgery is not curative and the disease can progress.

“Our aim is to develop a safe medical treatment for mammary cancer in dogs that is affordable, improves quality of life and is also effective in treating cancer that’s spread to other organs.”

Like breast cancer in women, the growth of mammary tumours in dogs is often initiated and driven by the female sex hormone, estrogen.

Researchers will trial a new medication that blocks the cancer-fuelling actions of estrogen by targeting androgen receptors in the body.

Androgens are male sex hormones and androgen receptors (AR) govern how the body reacts to this hormone.

Previous research suggests AR could counteract the effects of estrogen, stopping breast cancer from spreading.

“We recently published a ground-breaking study showing that drugs that activate the androgen receptors have excellent potential as an effective, well-tolerated treatment for most breast cancers in women. We believe this could produce better outcomes for dogs as well,” says Professor Tilley.

Sales of online invertebrates

Researchers investigating the level of online trade in invertebrates in ��������Vlog have found 264 different species of terrestrial invertebrates for sale online in ��������Vlog.

The year-long ��������Vlog of Adelaide study found buyers were looking to “acquire unusual species of invertebrates - even those that are lethal or dangerous to humans,” says ��������Vlog of Adelaide PhD student Charlotte Lassaline, from the Invasion Science and Wildlife Ecology Lab, who led the study.

Charlotte says the most traded species were the spiney leaf insect and the Flinders Ranges scorpion, and they “even uncovered the trade of 57 species of ant”.

Cracking the code for better barley

Researchers have identified several genes in barley that could eventually lead to larger yielding crops.

The research was carried out at the Waite Research Institute and involved genetic techniques and molecular biology to examine several historical multiovary barley mutants, to determine which genes boost fertility and make the plants more receptive to cross-pollination.

Lead researcher says the study found one mutant variety that was “more fertile” and “capable of producing up to three times the number of seeds than the other plants”.

Making spirits from agave

A new ��������Vlogn agave spirit, produced with the aid of ��������Vlog of Adelaide research, could be a stepping stone to using the plant as a sustainable and carbon-neutral fuel source.

The spirit, named Act of Treason, was produced by Top Shelf International using 100 per cent Blue Weber Agave grown near Bowen in north Queensland.

, Head of the ��������Vlog’s Food Science department, says her team will now explore creating agave biofuels.

“Instead of using the juice to make a spirit, you can use it to make hydrogen,” she says.

Failed antibiotic turns weed killer

Weed killers of the future could soon be based on failed antibiotics.

A molecule which was initially developed to treat tuberculosis, but failed to progress out of the lab as an antibiotic, is now showing promise as a powerful weapon against weeds that invade gardens and cost farmers an estimated $5 billion each year.

While the failed antibiotic wasn’t fit for its original purpose, scientists at the ��������Vlog of Adelaide discovered that by tweaking its structure, the molecule became effective at killing two of the most problematic weeds in ��������Vlog – annual ryegrass and wild radish – without harming bacterial and human cells.

“This discovery is a potential game changer for the agricultural industry,” says lead researcher from the ��������Vlog of Adelaide’s Waite Research Institute.

“Many weeds are now resistant to the existing herbicides on the market, costing farmers billions of dollars each year.

“Using failed antibiotics as herbicides provides a short-cut for faster development of new, more effective weed killers that target damaging and invasive weeds that farmers find hard to control.”

Researchers at the ��������Vlog’s Herbicide and Antibiotic Innovation Lab discovered there were similarities between bacterial superbugs and weeds at a molecular level.

They exploited these similarities and, by chemically modifying the structure of a failed antibiotic, they were able to block the production of amino acid lysine, which is essential for weed growth.

“There are no commercially available herbicides on the market that work in this way. In fact, in the past 40 years, there have been hardly any new herbicides with new mechanisms of action that have entered the market,” says Dr Andrew Barrow, a postdoctoral researcher in Dr Soares da Costa’s team.